Describe two types of secondary data. [4]
Candidates may choose to focus on either quantitative or qualitative secondary data as a
general type, or specify particular sources of secondary data. Either approach is creditable.
The important point is that the two types chosen are different. 2 marks are available for each
type – 2 marks for a full description, 1 mark if identified i.e. personal documents.
Expect reference to types of secondary data such as:
• Quantitative – numerical data collected by someone other than the researcher that can
be used to measure amounts and make comparisons;
• Qualitative – detailed and in depth data collected by someone other than the researcher
that can be used to make sense of and understand interactions, situations and opinions;
• Statistics – these can be official (produced by the government) or unofficial (i.e.
produced by university researchers or students). Numerical data on a wide range of
topics such as crime rates, divorce and unemployment rates.
• Historical documents – anything from the past from which information can be drawn.
These may be records, artefacts, photographs etc.
• Personal documents – letters and diaries are the most frequently used examples of
these. Anne Frank’s diary, for example. These can also include visuals as well as the
written word. Allow any named type of personal document.
• Previous research – work done by other social scientists.
• Media materials – newspapers, magazines, novels etc.
• Other reasonable response.