Award one mark for each of three valid identifications of negative socio-cultural impacts and
then award a further one mark for an appropriate explanatory comment about each.
• The demonstration effect (1) can lead to the erosion of traditional culture and values as
the local population adopts visitor behaviour and this is often a major cause of tension
within sections of local society (1).
• Commodification (1) Tourism can turn local cultures into commodities when religious
rituals, traditional ethnic rites and festivals are reduced to conform to tourist needs and
expectations (1).
• Staged authenticity (1) Adapting cultural activities or performing shows for tourists as if
they were real life (1).
• Adaptation to tourism demands (1) Changes in the ways traditional crafts and
souvenirs are made to respond to tourist desires (1).
• Culture clash (1) in some destinations tourists often fail to respect local customs and
moral values (1).
• Crime (1) The presence of a large number of tourists with a lot of money to spend, and
often carrying valuables such as cameras and jewellery, increases the attraction for
criminals and brings with it activities like robbery and drug dealing (1).
• Sex tourism (1) the commercial sexual exploitation of children and young women has
paralleled the growth of tourism in many parts of the world. Though tourism is not the
cause of sexual exploitation, it provides easy access to it in some destinations (1).
Award one mark for each of three valid identifications of negative socio-cultural impacts and
then award a further one mark for an appropriate explanatory comment about each.
• The demonstration effect (1) can lead to the erosion of traditional culture and values as
the local population adopts visitor behaviour and this is often a major cause of tension
within sections of local society (1).
• Commodification (1) Tourism can turn local cultures into commodities when religious
rituals, traditional ethnic rites and festivals are reduced to conform to tourist needs and
expectations (1).
• Staged authenticity (1) Adapting cultural activities or performing shows for tourists as if
they were real life (1).
• Adaptation to tourism demands (1) Changes in the ways traditional crafts and
souvenirs are made to respond to tourist desires (1).
• Culture clash (1) in some destinations tourists often fail to respect local customs and
moral values (1).
• Crime (1) The presence of a large number of tourists with a lot of money to spend, and
often carrying valuables such as cameras and jewellery, increases the attraction for
criminals and brings with it activities like robbery and drug dealing (1).
• Sex tourism (1) the commercial sexual exploitation of children and young women has
paralleled the growth of tourism in many parts of the world. Though tourism is not the
cause of sexual exploitation, it provides easy access to it in some destinations (1).