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Edexcel | Physics WPH0 | W 17 4 1 | 1 hour 30 minutes
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18
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A student read the following extract from a textbook.

‘In an elastic collision between objects of equal mass, where one is initially stationary,

the objects move off at 90° to each other after the collision.’

The student investigated this using a collision between two identical steel balls, each ofmass 66 g.

 

18
(a)
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The diagrams illustrate the collision between the balls.

                             

18
(a) (I)
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4 Mark s

Show that these values satisfy the conditions for conservation of momentum in

the initial direction of ball 1.

Use of p = mv

(mass may be left as m or justify ignoring mass, e.g. by cancelling)

See either × cos 29° or × cos 61°

A correct value of momentum for at least one ball, or total, after collision

(see 0.036 N s Or 0.55 (m) Or 0.011 (N s) Or 0.17 (m) Or 0.048 (N s) Or

0.72(m))

Calculated momentum before = calculated momentum after and

states that momentum is conserved

Or

Calculated momentum before = calculated momentum after and

states that momentum before = momentum after

18
(a) (II)
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3 Mark s

Show that these values satisfy the condition for elastic collisions.

18
(b)
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The photograph shows the student’s actual results for this experiment. The positions

of the colliding balls at successive time intervals have been overlaid on a single image.

               

18
(b) (I)
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2 Mark s

State the additional information that the student needs in order to determine the

speeds of the balls

The time intervals between images

The scale of the photograph

(accept the diameter of the balls)

18
(b) (II)
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3 Mark s

The student looked at the photograph and noticed that the angle between the paths of the two balls after the collision was not 90°. He modelled the collision on a computer.

He used the same initial conditions for ball 1 and the same value of θ. The

computer calculated the total kinetic energy after the collision for a range of

angles φ. The following graph was produced.

             

Measure φ from the photograph and use the graph to suggest why the angle

between the paths is not 90°.

φ = 45° to 52°

Use of graph with their angle to determine total kinetic energy after the collision

Statement that it is an inelastic collision

Or Statement that kinetic energy is not conserved

(dependent on candidate attempting MP1 and MP2)

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