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Edexcel | Physics WPH0 | W 18 4 1 | 1 hour 30 minutes

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A cyclotron at the TRIUMF national laboratory in Canada produces beams of protons

with energies from 20 MeV up to 520 MeV.

A simplified diagram of a cyclotron is shown

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(a)

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5 Mark s

Explain how the cyclotron accelerates the protons to follow the path shown.

(QWC – Work must be clear and organised in a logical manner using technical

wording where appropriate)

Protons accelerated by electric field between the dees

Or Protons accelerated by potential difference across the gap

The magnetic field is perpendicular to proton motion

This causes a centripetal acceleration/force for a circular path

The p.d./field/polarity (across the gap between the dees) has reversed when

the proton reaches the gap again

Or

The p.d./field/polarity (across the gap between the dees) reverses while

the proton is in the dee

(Each successive half-circle) path of the proton has a larger radius with greater

speed/momentum/energy

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(b) (I)

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3 Mark s

Calculate the momentum, in N s, of protons with a kinetic energy of 20 MeV.

You may ignore any relativistic effects.

Momentum = N s

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(b) (II)

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2 Mark s

The TRIUMF cyclotron can produce beams of protons of different energies. This is

done by extracting protons at different distances from the centre of the cyclotron.

Calculate the radius used to extract protons with a kinetic energy of 20 MeV.

Radius =

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(b) (III)

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3 Mark s

Beams of protons can be used to probe the structure of matter.

Determine whether the wavelength of 20 MeV protons is suitable for investigating

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