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Edexcel | Physics WPH0 | S 10 6 1 | 1 hour 15 minutes
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4
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You are to plan an experiment to investigate the ability of gamma rays to penetrate lead.

You are then to analyse a set of data from such an experiment.

4
(a)
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3 Mark s

You have a source of radiation and a detector and counter. Describe briefly a simple

experiment to confirm that the source emits gamma radiation

Record background count (rate)

Place thick aluminium/thin lead between source & detector

OR Distance greater than 25 cm between source and detector

Count rate detected above background

4
(b)
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6 Mark s

You are provided with sheets of lead and apparatus to support them safely between

the source and the detector.

The thickness of lead affects the count rate. Describe the measurements you would

make to investigate this.

Your description should include:

• a variable you will control to make it a fair investigation

• how you will make your results as accurate as possible

• one safety precaution

Keep distance between the source and detector constant

Any four from:

• Record count (rate) for different thicknesses

• Record count for a specified time

• Subtract background count

• Take several readings at each thickness

• Measure thickness with micrometer screw gauge/vernier

callipers

Keep people away from source/use tongs to handle source

/use tongs to handle lead sheets/ensure source held

securely

4
(c)
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1 Mark

For gamma rays passing through lead of thickness x, the count rate A is given by

                                         

where A0 is the count rate when there is no lead between source and detector,

and μ is a constant.

Explain why a graph of ln A against x should be a straight line

ln A =–μx + ln Ao

and identifies –μ as gradient

4
(d)
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5 Mark s

The following data were obtained in such an investigation

Use the column(s) provided for your processed data, and then plot a suitable graph

on the grid opposite to show that these data are consistent with

Corrected count rate to at least 3SF and with correct units

and ln A to at least 3SF and with correct units

Axes labelled for suitable graph(ignore units)

Suitable scales

Plots

Line

4
(e)
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2 Mark s

Use your graph to determine a value for the constant μ.

μ =

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