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Edexcel | Physics WPH0 | S 10 5 1 | 1 hour 30 minutes

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13

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When nearby stars are observed over a period of a year, their positions are seen to move in tiny ellipses relative to the background of more distant stars.

13

(a)

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3 Mark s

Explain why relative movement of these nearby stars is observed.

Idea that the Earth is orbiting the Sun

Reference to (trigonometric) parallax

Idea that more distant stars have “fixed” positions

13

(b)

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3 Mark s

By means of a labelled diagram, outline the steps necessary for this effect to be used

to find the distance to nearby stars.

Diagram to show how to measure angular displacement of star over a 6

month period

e.g.

[Diagram should indicate the Earth in two positions at opposite ends of a

diameter, with lines drawn heading towards a point with a relevant angle

marked; accept the symmetrical diagram seen in many textbooks.]

Use trigonometry to calculate the distance to the star (1)

[May be indicated by an appropriate trigonometric formula. Do not

accept use of Pythagoras]

Need to know the diameter/radius of the Earth’s orbit about the Sun (1)

[This may be marked on the diagram or seen in a trigonometric

formula]

13

(c)

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1 Mark

The effect is too small for the distances to more distant stars to be determined.

Outline a method which can be used for more distant stars.

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