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Edexcel | Physics WPH0 | S 11 5 1 | 1 hour 30 minutes
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17
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Fission and fusion are both nuclear processes that release energy. About 20% of the

UK’s energy need is currently provided by the controlled fission of uranium. Intensive

research continues to harness the energy released from the fusion of hydrogen.

17
(a) (I)
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3 Mark s

Fission of uranium-235 takes place after the absorption of a thermal neutron.

Assume such neutrons behave as an ideal gas at a temperature of 310 K.

Show that the square root of the mean square speed of the neutrons is about

mass of neutron = 1.0087u

 

17
(a) (II)
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2 Mark s

Complete the equation for the fission of uranium-235.

17
(a) (III)
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4 Mark s

Calculate the energy released in a single fission. Hence determine the rate of

fission necessary to maintain a power output of 2.5 GW.

                                 

 

                                                         Fission rate = ....................................................

17
(b) (I)
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4 Mark s

State the conditions for fusion and hence explain why it has proved difficult to

maintain a sustainable reaction in a practical fusion reactor.

(QWC- Work must be clear and organised in a logical manner using

technical wording where appropriate.)

Max THREE from first 5 marking points

• Very high temperatures (>107 K)needed

• To overcome electrostatic repulsion / forces

• Nuclei come close enough to fuse / for strong (nuclear) force

to act

• Very high densities needed

• (Together with high nuclei speeds) this gives a sufficient

collision rate

• (Very high) temperatures lead to confinement problems

• Contact with container causes temperature to fall (and fusion

to cease)

17
(b) (II)
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1 Mark

The nuclear reaction below represents the fusion of two deuterium nuclei.

Complete the equation and identify particle X.

 

                                 

                                                   Particle X is a ....................................

17
(b) (III)
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2 Mark s

Despite the difficulties, the quest for a practical fusion reactor continues.

State two advantages fusion power might have over fission power.

Any TWO from

• (Hydrogen) fuel for fusion is (virtually) unlimited whereas

fission relies upon (uranium) a relatively limited resource

• Fusion results in few radioactive products, but radioactive

products produced in fission present significant disposal

problems

• For a given mass of fuel, the energy released by fusion is

greater than the energy released by fission

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