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Edexcel | Physics 4PH0 | W 17 1 | Q9

W 17 1

9

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The diagram shows a hydroelectric power station.

Water flows down the tunnel and turns a large turbine.

W 17 1

9

(a)

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1 Mark

What type of energy decreases when the water flows from the upper lake to the turbine?

gravitational potential (energy);

GPE

W 17 1

9

(b)

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3 Mark s

Describe how the turbine and generator produce electricity.

any three of:

MP1. turbine spins;

MP2. (causes) coils of wire spin;

MP3. between the poles of (large)

magnets;

MP4. current or voltage is inducedMP5. in or across the coils of wire;

allow

turbines rotates

magnets spin

inside coils of wire

W 17 1

9

(c)

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1 Mark

Suggest why it is important that the turbine turns at constant speed.

any one of:

MP1. to keep voltage or current (value)

constant;

MP2. voltage (or current) produced

depends on the speed of rotation (of

coil);

allow

frequency of voltage

depends on the speedof rotation

W 17 1

9

(d)

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This is a Sankey diagram for the power station.

W 17 1

9

(d) (I)

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1 Mark

State the relationship between efficiency, useful energy output and total energy input.

W 17 1

9

(d) (II)

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4 Mark s

The efficiency of the power station is 36%.

The total energy input is 1050 kJ.

Calculate the total wasted energy in kJ.

total wasted energy = ............................................. kJ

substitution;

rearrangement;

evaluation of useful energy;

subtraction from input energy;

e.g.

wasted energy = 1050-378 = 672 (kJ)

gains 4

allow alternative

method by calc 64% of

1050 kJ

POT error (often as 36

not seen as % or

fraction) loses 1st mark

W 17 1

9

(d) (III)

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2 Mark s

Name two forms of wasted energy in this power station.

any two suitable energy forms:

e.g.

thermal energy (of the water);

frictional heating (along the pipe/in

bearings);

noise/sound;

condone ‘heat’

not just ‘friction’

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